ENGLISH COURSE ASSIGNMENT
ABOUT COMPUTER
AMIK BSI
Computer Engineering
Bina Sarana Informatika
2018
Introduction
First, thank to almighty god who
has given his bless to the writer for finishing this english paper assignment.
the writer also wish to expess his deep and sincere gratitude for those who
have guide in completing this paper, especially to Mrs. Maulani Pangestu as the
english teacher that always theaces us and give much knowledge about how to
practice english well.
The Writer formulate this paper is
to fulfill the task of the English course that is given by a Mrs. Maulani
Pangestu , The writer realized this assignment is not perfect. But we hope it
can be useful for us. Critics and suggestion is needed here to make this assignment
be better.
Hopefully we as a student in “Computer
Engineering BSI” can work more professional by using English better than
yesterday. Thank you.
Chapter I
Preliminary
A. Abstract
The
development of computer technology increased rapidly, this is seen in the era
of the 80s computer network is still a puzzle to be answered by academics, and
in 1988 computer networks began to be used in universities, companies, And now
in this era, This millennium especially, internet has become the daily reality
of millions people on this earth.
In
addition, the hardware and software of the network has really changed, at the
beginning of its development almost the entire network is built from coaxial
cable, now many have been built from fiber optics or wireless communication.
B. Problem Formulation
1.
What Is Computer ?
2.
History of development computer.
3.
What are the types of computer ?
C. General Purpose
To
complete assignment of English course
Chapter II
Discussion
A.
Definition of computer ?
The term computer has a broad
meaning and is different for each person. The term computer (the computer) is
taken from the Latin word meaning computare calculate (to compute or to
reckon).
According Blissmer (1985), a
computer is an electronic device that is capable of performing several tasks,
which receive input, process the input according to the instructions given,
save the commands and results processing, and provides output in the form of
information.
Meanwhile, according to Sanders
(1985), a computer is an electronic system to manipulate data quickly and
accurately as well as designed and organized in order to automatically receive
and store input data, processes it, and produces outputs based on the
instructions that have been stored in memory. And many more experts are trying
to define it differently on the computer. However, in essence it can be
concluded that the computer is an electronic device that can accept input,
process the input, provide information, using a program stored in the computer
memory, can store the programs and the results of processing, and works
automatically.
B.
History of development computer
The first use of
the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried
out calculations, or computations, and the word continued with the same meaning
until the middle of the 20th century.
And the
development of computers to achieve the current state is need a very long
process. Here is the stages of that development :
1.
First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum Tube
Is the first computer created for scientific purposes only. Use a
vacuum tube of a size like a small lamp mentol that is very large. One example
of the first generation of computers is the UNIVAC II made by Sperry
Rand-Univac. The first generation computer has the following characteristics:
a.
The component used is a vacuum tube for the circuit
b.
Program can only be used by using Assembler language machine
c.
The physical size of the computer is too large, so it requires a
very wide place
d.
Fast heat and require large electrical power
e.
The process is less rapid and the storage capacity is very small
f.
Business application oriented
2.
Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistor
This second generation computer uses transistor components for the
central processing unit and magnetic core for memory. The resistance of the
transistor is better than the vacuum tube because it is not flammable. Channel
data appear in this generation, in line with special features to increase CPU
speed. The new way to store the introduced memory is the magnetic porch. The
magnetic porch uses the fine iron that is wrapped around the electric field.
Some examples of second generation computers are UNIVAC III, UNIVAC SS80,
UNIVAC SS90, UNIVAC 1107 made by Sperry Rand-UNIVAC. The characteristics of
second generation computers are as follows:
a.
The circuit is made of transistors
b.
Programming is made with high-level languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL
and ALGOL
c.
Memory capacity is large enough and the process is faster
d.
The physical size is smaller than the first generation computer
e.
Requires less electrical power
f.
Business and engineering oriented
3.
Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuit
Third-generation computers have more monolithic circuits and
miniaturization (the number of electronic components on the chip) for the
central processing unit. Intergrated Circuit (better known as IC) is a complete
electronic circuit in one small silicon chip. First used in 1965. One IC can
replace tens, hundreds of transistors, where the IC is smaller in shape than
the transistor. Some examples of third generation computers are UNIVAC 1109 and
UNIVAC 9000. The characteristics of third generation computers are as follows:
a.
Using IC (Integrated Circuit) as its component
b.
Faster processing and greater memory capacity
c.
Physical form is smaller and the price is cheaper
d.
Software Upgrades
e.
Use of electricity is more efficient
4.
Fourth Generation (1971 - Now) Microprossesor
Fourth generation computers are characterized by rapid
semiconductor memory, small size, and smaller power requirements. Because after
the IC. The development goal becomes more obvious: shrink the size of circuits
and electrical components. Large Scale Integration (LSI) can load hundreds of
components in a chip. In the 1980s, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) loaded
thousands of components on a single chip. Ultra-Large Scale Integration (ULSI)
increases that number to millions. The Intel 4004 chip created in 1971 brought
the IC forward by putting all components of a computer (central processing
unit, memory, and input / output control) in a very small chip. Previously, IC
was made to do a specific specific task. Now, a microprocessor can be
manufactured and then programmed to meet all the desired needs. One example of
fourth generation computers is the Apple II. The characteristics of the fourth
generation computer are as follows:
a.
Using LSI (Large Scale Integration)
b.
Developed a microcomputer that uses microprocessor and
semiconductor chip-shaped for a computer memory
5.
Fifth Generation (Now - Then) Artifical Intelligence
The fifth generation computer is in development. The component
used is VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration). Computers in this generation will
be developed computers that can translate human language, conversing with
humans, can perform more accurate disease diagnosis, etc. This extraordinary
nature is called "artificial intelligence".
C.
Types of computer.
1.
Analog
Computer
This type of computer is used to
receive analog signals, functioning to check data that is not in the form of
numbers, because the data obtained is wave data. This type of computer is
usually used to describe a situation. Examples of its use to check the temperature,
fuel flow counter on the pump, measure the power of light and others. This
computer is widely used in scientific activities.
Advantages of Analog Computers :
There are several
advantages of analog computers. Here are some advantages of analog computers:
1. Easy to operate
2. Special purpose,
has a specific function for one field
3. Can represent
the amount to be processed within a certain range of values
Disadvantages of analog computers :
Besides having
advantages, of course the analog computer also has some drawbacks. The
following are some of the disadvantages of analog computers:
1. Not applicable
universally, can only be used to calculate the specialization only
2. Complex
components
3. Not
multifunctional
4. Requires
considerable power
5. Sometimes it is
difficult to do data processing in the form of numbers
2. Digital Computer
Digital Computer is a computer machine that
is created to process data that is quantitative in the form of numbers,
letters, punctuation and others. The use of the signals to be a combination of
0 and 1. The result of technology that converts the signal into a combination
of sequences of numbers 0 and 1 is also called binary for easy, fast and
accurate information processing. The signal is called a bit.
This digital signal
has many unique features that are not owned by analog technology, namely:
1. Able to use information at the speed of light that
can make Information can be sent at high speed
2. The repeated use of information does not affect the
quality and quantity of the information itself.
3. Infofmasi can be easy to use and change in various
form.
4. Can memposes information in a very large number and
send it interactively.
The computer
manipulates the existing data digitally, through an appropriate electrical
process or transmits it. In principle, the computer only recognizes two
currents, namely On and Off, or the terms in the numbers are often also known
as 1 and 0. The combination of On or Off currents is what makes the computer do
many things, whether in the introduction of fonts, images, sounds, even
interesting movies that you watch in digital format.
3. Hybrid Computer
hybrid computer is a type of computer that is intended for data processing that is both quantitative and qualitative, or n other terms combines the ability of digital with analog. in other words, the quantitative data yield qualitative data and vice versa.
Chapter III
Closing
That
is what we can say about the material discussed in this paper, of course, many
shortcomings and weaknesses due to the limited knowledge of the lack of
reference or reference that we have gained in relation to this paper. The
author much hopes to the dear readers to give constructive criticisms of
suggestions to us for the sake of perfection This paper. Hopefully this paper
can be useful for authors of special readers on the author.
